Eastern Europe

Another Polish rabbi, here shown wearing a fancy "wheel cap" style head covering.  On the wiki article is another photograph of him from much later, in which his head is uncovered.

A Kabbalist, he did not wear a kippah.  Here we see the trend of "new" branches of Judaism not wearing kippot, a trend that would continue with the early Reform movement.

Rav Berlin wore a small, modern-style black velvet kippah, unlike his contemporaries in Hungary.

Became a leading rabbi in Hungary.  He was a contemporary of Rav Low, but unlike Low, Rav Sofer wore a large Russian-style fur hat.

Rav Low isn't wearing a kippah either.

Surprisingly, Rav Malbin doesn't seem to wear a head covering either, even though he seems to be considered an Orthodox Rabbi.

Oddly, Rav Ganzfried doesn't appear to be wearing any kind of head covering, in spite of being an Orthodox rabbi and the author of the Kitzure Shulchan Aruch.

Another large Russian fur hat, reminds me of the Russian Orthodox.  Probably not a coincidence.

Rav. Trebitsch wore a tall and large round hat, similar to what was worn in Moscow and also Constantinople.  This seems much more typical for Eastern Europe in the late 18th / early 19th Centuries.